Demonstratives this, that, these, those

This (for singular) and these (for plural) are used if we wish to point out a person or thing which is close.

This is my friend Peter.

These are our friends John and Peter.

That (for  singular) and those (for plural) are used if we wish to point out a person or thing which is further in the distance.

That girl standing on the other side of the road  is Linda.

I like those toys which are on the  shelf.

Note:
– articles (a, an, the) cannot be used  if a noun is preceded by demonstratives
– that has also several other meanings (e.g. It is unlikely that they will come. He has bought a house that was built by our company.)

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